William Fremd High School

A. P. Physics 369 - Heat E-Text Beta Version - 1999

Welcome to the world of electronic text development.  This is a second version of a text that you can use to preview the next unit in our text.  This unit concentrates on Chapters 10, 11 and 12 in Serway and Faughn's College Physics.

My goal is to help you review last year's chemistry on heat and thermal energy as well as help set the stage for our study this year of these ideas.  Your goal is simply to work through this entire text and record your success on the accompanying sheet.

To do this, grab the mouse in one hand, and a pencil in the other and try to navigate the internet to answer the questions on the worksheet I have given you.  You do not have to work in order on these pages.  Some sites may be busy when you wish to go there, so you need simply to try another set of questions.  I wish you the best!

If you run into a problem, let me know! rgrimm@d211.org

This chapter concentrates on what happens to objects when they get hot.  As you may know, the objects often will change size as occurs in a simple thermometer.

There are many applications of this principle and these applications have lead to the development of a variety of different types of  thermometers.After visiting this site, you will be able to tell about at least two types of thermometers that make use of the fact that as things heat up they change size.  This information goes on the worksheet.

It is often interesting to see what happens when gasses are heated in a container.  A balloon that has gasses inside that are increasing in temperature gives a good example of this.  Make a sketch of the accompanying graph on the worksheet.

A couple of Notes on this:

• Be patient while this loads
• If the simulation does not load, click in the box
• Drag the thermometer to change the temperature of the gas
• Sketch at least three graphs of the population of gas molecules

There are a couple of other gas laws that you studied last year.  You may recall that temperature is related to the average speed of the gas molecules.  Specifically, the kinetic energy of the particles can be found by using the equation:
 
 

Where k is in the constants memory of your calculator and T is measured in K degrees.

Follow this up by visiting the Charles Law Simulation.  Again click on "Try an Exercise Based on this Simulation" and fill in the correct answers on the worksheet.

You may recall that all of these laws "show up" in the relationship:
 
 

This entire relationship can be seen in the following Ideal Gas Law Simulation.  Slide all the controls to understand how this works!

This completes our look at Chapter 10.  I hope you have reviewed several ideas from last year and are beginning to recall some of what you learned.

This chapter looks at the difference between heat and temperature.  There is one!  They are certainly related, but there is a difference.  Perhaps we should start with some definitions.  This is a page of useful reminders and definitions.  Be sure to record what you learn on the worksheet.

One of the most interesting aspects of adding heat to an object is that as the object heats up, it will change phases.  Phase change is simulated and worth a view.  Try to recall the graph that describes this and sketch it on your worksheet.

In high energy physics, scientists often try to measure the amount of energy that comes from a collision of particles.  Since the energy comes out in a limited number of ways, I and my colleagues at Fermilab are interested in having high school students see this "heat pattern data"  we even created a game with this data on it.  Try "Particle Graffitti" for fun and see what it is like to look at signatures as a physicist does now-a-days!

You will need to go first through these steps:

• Select "Code Crackin'" from the Fermilabyrinth menu.
• Type in your Name.
• Print out the Einstein Bucks you collect and attach them to your worksheet!

The most common calculation is to take water from -10 C to 110 C through all the phase changes involved.  I would like to see you do that now on the worksheet.  (This is a great thing to do if the internet is wearing you out!  If you just need a break, here's a hot item.

This completes our look at Chapter 11.  I hope this review included a new way to look at the signature of heat!

In my opinion, this is where all of this starts to become very interesting.  We will now try to get a bit of work out of the gas laws.  Essentially, we will heat and cool a gas to get some work out of a machine.  There are many types of machines that will do this and they are all described in the following simulation.

Visit the Pressure Chamber and remember the following:

• The page takes a bit of time to load.
• The directions are below the picture.
• Try all of the suggested experiments.

Do the same to see a Two Piston Stirling Engine at this location.
 

All of this depends upon maximizing a "Pressure vs. Volume" Graph as is discussed in the following article.  This is worth a visit despite the lack of interaction.  Be sure to click on all the words that you need to define on the worksheet!

Finally, all of this is summarized in a wonderful article on Thermodynamics.  Click back and forth between the simulations you have visited today as you read this essay to see if you understand what is being said!

That brings us to the end of our e-text introduction to heat.  I hope you enjoyed the experience and do not feel to much like the following person!  Have a wonderful Thanksgiving Break!
 
 

Finally, if you do feel like the above person and can hardly wait for the Y2K bug to hit, go here.