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<!-- Begin
theDate= new Date();
var day = theDate.getDate();
var year = theDate.getYear();
year = (year < 2000) ? year + 1900 : year;
var textdate = (theDate.getMonth() + 1) + '/' + theDate.getDate() + '/' + year;
var monthday = (theDate.getMonth() + 1) + '' + theDate.getDate();

var numquotes = 31;
quotes = new Array(numquotes+1);
quotes[1] = "Everyone will experience the consequences of his own acts. If his acts are right, he'll get good consequences; if they're not, he'll suffer for it. (Harry Browne)";
quotes[2] = "Whatever our creed, we feel that no good deed can by any possibility go unrewarded, no evil deed unpunished. (Orison Swett Marden)";
quotes[3] = "You cannot do wrong without suffering wrong. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)";
quotes[4] = "Choose the way of life. Choose the way of love. Choose the way of caring...Choose the way of goodness. It's up to you. It's your choice. (Leo Buscaglia)";
quotes[5] = "The great successful men of the world have used their imagination...they think ahead and create their mental picture in all its details, filling in here, adding a little there, altering this a bit and that a bit, but steadily building-steadily buildings. (Robert Collier)";
quotes[6] = "Each time you are honest and conduct yourself with honesty, a success force will drive you toward greater success. Each time you lie, even with a little white lie, there are strong forces pushing you toward failure. (Joseph Sugarman)";
quotes[7] = "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want, and, if they can't find them, make them. (George Bernard Shaw)";
quotes[8] = "Success doesn't come to you...you go to it. (Marva Collins)";
quotes[9] = "The lure of the distant and the difficult is deceptive. The great opportunity is where you are. (John Burroughs)";
quotes[10] = "Every situation, properly perceived, becomes an opportunity. (Helen Schucman)";
quotes[11] = "What this power is I cannot say; all I know is that it exists and it becomes available only when a man is in that state of mind in which he knows exactly what he wants and is fully determined not to quit until he finds it. (Alexander Graham Bell)";
quotes[12] = "The golden opportunity you are seeking is in yourself. It is not in your environment; it is not in luck or chance, or the help of other; it is in yourself alone. (Orison Swett Marden)";
quotes[13] = "I do not think there is any other quality so essential to success of any kind as the quality of perseverance. It overcomes almost everything, even nature. (John D. Rockefeller)";
quotes[14] = "The cure for all the ills and wrongs, the cares, the sorrows, and the crimes of humanity, all lie in the one word 'love'. It is the divine vitality that everywhere produces and restores life. (Lydia Maria Child)";
quotes[15] = "Life in abundance comes only through great love. (Elbert Hubbard)";
quotes[16] = "Love is the immortal flow of energy that nourishes, extends and preserves. Its eternal goal is life. (Smiley Blanton)";
quotes[17] = "What force is more potent than love. (Igor Stravinsky)";
quotes[18] = "Problems are only opportunities in work clothes. (Henry J. Kaiser)";
quotes[19] = "Opportunities? They are all around us...there is power lying latent everywhere waiting for the observant eye to discover it. (Orison Swett Marden)";
quotes[20] = "Most successful men have not achieved their distinction by having some new talent or opportunity presented to them. They have developed the opportunity that was at hand. (Bruce Barton)";
quotes[21] = "We don't need more strength or more ability or greater opportunity. What we need is to use what we have. (Basil S. Walsh)";
quotes[22] = "Destiny is not a matter of chance; it is a matter of choice. It is not something to be waited for; but, rather something to be achieved. (William Jennings Bryan)";
quotes[23] = "Opportunity rarely knocks on your door. Knock rather on opportunity's door if you ardently wish to enter. (B.C. Forbes)";
quotes[24] = "Each problem has hidden in it an opportunity so powerful that it literally dwarfs the problem. The greatest success stories were created by people who recognized a problem and turned it into an opportunity. (Joseph Sugarman)";
quotes[25] = "In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity. (Albert Einstein)";
quotes[26] = "A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. (Francois Bacon)";
quotes[27] = "There is no future in any job. The future lies in the man who holds the job. (George Crane)";
quotes[28] = "Opportunity...often it comes in the form of misfortune, or temporary defeat. (Napoleon Hill)";
quotes[29] = "The price of success is perseverance. The price of failure comes cheaper. (Anonymous)";
quotes[30] = "Adversity reveals genius, prosperity conceals it. (Horace)";
quotes[31] = "I contend that dishonesty will create a failure force that often manifests itself in other ways - ways not apparent to the outside observer. (Joseph Sugarman)";


var numthisday = 336;
//numthisday can be 336 or 1220
thisday = new Array(numthisday+1);
thisday[11] = "Today is January 1st.";
thisday[12] = "Today is January 2nd.";
thisday[13] = "Today is January 3rd.";
thisday[14] = "Today is January 4th.";
thisday[15] = "Today is January 5th.";
thisday[16] = "Today is January 6th.";
thisday[17] = "Today is January 7th.";
thisday[18] = "Today is January 8th.";
thisday[19] = "Today is January 9th.";
thisday[110] = "Today is January 10th.";
thisday[111] = "Today is January 11th.";
thisday[112] = "Today is January 12th.";
thisday[113] = "Today is January 13th.";
thisday[114] = "Today is January 14th.";
thisday[115] = "Today is January 15th.";
thisday[116] = "Today is January 16th.";
thisday[117] = "Today is January 17th.";
thisday[118] = "Today is January 18th.";
thisday[119] = "Today is January 19th.";
thisday[120] = "Today is January 20th.";
thisday[121] = "Today is January 21st.";
thisday[122] = "Today is January 22nd.";
thisday[123] = "Today is January 23rd.";
thisday[124] = "Today is January 24th.";
thisday[125] = "Today is January 25th.";
thisday[126] = "Today is January 26th.";
thisday[127] = "Today is January 27th.";
thisday[128] = "Today is January 28th.";
thisday[129] = "Today is January 29th.";
thisday[130] = "Today is January 30th.";
thisday[131] = "Today is January 31st.";

thisday[21] = "Today is February 1st.";
thisday[22] = "Today is February 2nd.";
thisday[23] = "Today is February 3rd.";
thisday[24] = "Today is February 4th.";
thisday[25] = "Today is February 5th.";
thisday[26] = "Today is February 6th.";
thisday[27] = "Today is February 7th.";
thisday[28] = "Today is February 8th.";
thisday[29] = "Today is February 9th.";
thisday[210] = "Today is February 10th.";
thisday[211] = "Today is February 11th.";
thisday[212] = "Today is February 12th.";
thisday[213] = "Today is February 13th.";
thisday[214] = "Today is February 14th.";
thisday[215] = "Today is February 15th.";
thisday[216] = "Today is February 16th.";
thisday[217] = "Today is February 17th.";
thisday[218] = "Today is February 18th.";
thisday[219] = "Today is February 19th.";
thisday[220] = "Today is February 20th.";
thisday[221] = "Today is February 21st.";
thisday[222] = "Today is February 22nd.";
thisday[223] = "Today is February 23rd.";
thisday[224] = "Today is February 24th.";
thisday[225] = "Today is February 25th.";
thisday[226] = "Today is February 26th.";
thisday[227] = "Today is February 27th.";
thisday[228] = "Today is February 28th.";
thisday[229] = "Today is February 29th.";

thisday[31] = "Today is March 1st.";
thisday[32] = "Today is March 2nd.";
thisday[33] = "Today is March 3rd.";
thisday[34] = "Today is March 4th.";
thisday[35] = "Today is March 5th.";
thisday[36] = "Today is March 6th.";
thisday[37] = "Today is March 7th.";
thisday[38] = "Today is March 8th.";
thisday[39] = "Today is March 9th.";
thisday[310] = "Today is March 10th.";
thisday[311] = "Today is March 11th.";
thisday[312] = "Today is March 12th.";
thisday[313] = "Today is March 13th.";
thisday[314] = "Today is March 14th.";
thisday[315] = "Today is March 15th.";
thisday[316] = "Today is March 16th.";
thisday[317] = "Today is March 17th.";
thisday[318] = "Today is March 18th.";
thisday[319] = "Today is March 19th.";
thisday[320] = "Today is March 20th.";
thisday[321] = "Today is March 21st.";
thisday[322] = "Today is March 22nd.";
thisday[323] = "Today is March 23rd.";
thisday[324] = "Today is March 24th.";
thisday[325] = "Today is March 25th.";
thisday[326] = "Today is March 26th.";
thisday[327] = "Today is March 27th.";
thisday[328] = "Today is March 28th.";
thisday[329] = "Today is March 29th.";
thisday[330] = "Today is March 30th.";
thisday[331] = "Today is March 31st.";

thisday[41] = "<U>First Weather satellite</U><br>In 1960, the first weather observation satellite, <I>Tiros I</I>, was launched from Cape Kennedy and made the first television picture from space. It was the first of several launched in the TIROS program, named from its function: Television Infrared Observation Satellite, and was NASA's first experimental step to determine if satellites could be useful in the study of the Earth. At that time, the effectiveness of satellite observations was still unproven. Thus various design issues for spacecraft were tested: instruments, data and operational parameters. The goal was to improve satellite applications for Earth-bound decisions, such as 'should we evacuate the coast because of the hurricane?' TIROS proved extremely successful for weather forecasting.";
thisday[42] = "<U>Velcro</U><br> In 1978, Velcro, the hook-and-loop fastener, was released. It was developed by Swiss engineer Georges de Mestral, who noticed how thistle burrs clung to his clothing during a hike in the mountains. Using a microscope, he discovered their natural hook-like shape. From 1948, he worked with a local weaver from a textile plant to design a 'locking tape'. The important discovery was accidental - that nylon, when sewn under ultraviolet light, formed industructable hooks. Velcro uses two tapes, one with stiff 'hooks' like the burrs which clings to the second tape with soft 'loops' like the fabric of his pants. The trademarked name Velcro comes from 'vel' or velvet and 'cro' from the French word crochet which means hook.";
thisday[43] = "<U>First cell phone call</U><br>In 1973, the first portable phone call was placed by inventor Martin Cooper. The phone was 10 inches in height, 3 inches deep and an inch-and-a-half wide and weighed 30-oz. Since then, cell phones have shrunk to a mere palm-size weighing 4-oz, and are used by a billion people around the world. Cooper's first 'shoebox' phone replaced a car phone of the time that weighed more than 30 pounds and cost thousands of dollars. A car phone owner had to drill a hole in his car to install the antenna and most of the phone sat in the trunk. A control unit with a handset was placed inside the car. ";
thisday[44] = "<u>Vitamin C</u><p class='MsoNormal'>In 1932, Professor C. Glen King of the University of Pittsburgh isolated vitamin C, a medical and scientific breakthrough, after five years of effort. By painstaking <a href='http://www.discover.pitt.edu/pittmag/jun95/pipes.html'>research</a> extracting components from lemon juice - requiring untold thousands of lemons - King and his colleagues isolated a crystalline substance, identified, and later synthesized vitamin C. Their discovery meant prevention of the disease of scurvy, long a source of human suffering. During WW II, King was named chairman of the Nutrition Foundation, which funded research into the nutritional problems facing a country and an army at war. He continued his innovative work with vitamin C until his retirement from Columbia University in 1964.</p>";
thisday[45] = "<u>U.S. begins shift to metric measures</u><p class='MsoNormal'>In <b>1893</b>, Thomas Corwin<a href='http://www.todayinsci.com/10/10_04.htm'>Mendenhall</a>, then Superintendent of Weights and Measures, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury,<a href='http://museum.nist.gov/exhibits/ex1/room4.html'>decided</a> that the International Meter and Kilogram would in the future be regarded as the fundamental standards of length and mass in the United States, both for metric and customary weights and measures. This decision, which has come to be known as &quot;The Mendenhall Order,&quot; was first published as Bulletin No. 26 of the Coast and Geodetic Survey under the title Fundamental Standards of Length and Mass. The Mendenhall Order initiated a departure from the previous policy of attempting to maintain our standards of length and mass to be identical with those of Great Britain.";
thisday[47] = "<U>Mount Vesuvius</U><br>In 1906, Mount Vesuvius erupted.";
thisday[48] = "<U>Discovery of Teflon</U><br>In 1938, Du Pont researcher Roy J. Plunkett and his technician Jack Rebok accidentally discovered the chemical compound polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that was later marketed as Teflon. Plunkett was researching chemical reactions of the gas perfluoroethylene in order to synthesize new types of refrigerant gases. Rebok found an apparently defective cylinder of this gas, since no pressure was found when the valve was opened, even though the cyclinder weight was the same as full cylinders. Rebok suggested sawing it open to investigate. Inside was a slippery white powder. Plunkett found it had unusual properties, a wonderful solid lubricant in powdered form, was chemically inert and had a very high melting point. He realized it was formed by an unexpected polymerization.";
thisday[49] = "<u>Saturn's rings</u><br> In 1895, a spectrogram made by American astronomer James Keeler proved that the rings of Saturn were indeed composed of meteoric particles, as predicted by Maxwell. If the rings were solid, observations would show uniform rotation. However, Keeler's spectrogram of  light reflected from Saturn's rings showed a Doppler shift indicating a variation in radial velocity. Thus, particles in the inner part of a ring, closer to Saturn, move at a different rotational speed from those in more distance parts of a ring, as predicted by Kepler's 3rd law. Keeler publishedA Spectroscopic Proof of the Meteoric Constitution of Saturn's Rings in the May 1895 issue of Astrophysical Journal, vol. 1, p.416, the journal he co-founded with George E. Hale.";
thisday[410] = "<U>Salk polio vaccine</U><br>In 1955, the polio vaccine tested successfully by Dr. Jonas Salk.";
thisday[411] = "In 1986, Halley's Comet made its closest approach to Earth this trip, 63 million kilometers (39 million mi), on its outbound journey. Many observers were disappointed because the famous comet was barely visible to the naked eye. Some years are simply better than others, as in 1066 when the comet was so bright that it terrified millions of Europeans. Comet Halley isn't officially scheduled to visit Earth again until 2061 when it returns on its 76-year orbit. This comet's closest known approach to the Earth was 3 million miles on 10 Apr 837 AD). Its perihelion (the closest point to the Sun) occurred earlier in the year, on 9 Feb 1986, when it was 88 million km (55 million mi) from the Sun, between the orbits of Mercury and Venus.";
thisday[412] = "<U>First Earth orbit by man</U><br>In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit the Earth. His spacecraft, Vostok 1, had radio, television and life-support equipment to relay information on his condition. The flight was automated. Gagarin's controls were locked to prevent him from taking control of the ship, although a key in a sealed envelope was provided in case of an emergency. After e-entry, Gagarin ejected and made a planned descent with his own parachute. However for many years the Soviet Union denied this, because the flight would not have been recognized for various FAI world records unless the pilot had accompanied his craft to a landing. Gagarin died in a plane crash 7 years later.";
thisday[413] = "<U>Microscope</U><br>In 1625, the word 'microscope' was coined as a suggested term in a letter written by Johannes Faber of Bamberg, Germany, to Federigo Cesi, Duke of Aquasparata and founder of Italy's Accademia dei Lincei (Academy of the Lynx). This Academy, possibly the world's first scientific society took its name after the animal for its exceptional vision.";
thisday[414] = "<U>Telescope</U><br>In 1611, the word 'telescope' was first used in public by Prince Federico Cesi at a banquet held by the pioneer scientific society, the Academy of Linceans. It was held to honour Galileo, on a grand hillside estate. After Galileo showed the guests the satellites of Jupiter, other celestial marvels, and even an inscription on a building three miles away. Although the name was announced by Cesi to christen Galileo's instrument, the word <I>telescopio</I> was perhaps devised by a Greek poet-theologian, who happened to be present, from Greek words <I>tele</I> = far and <I>scopeo</I> = see. In 1625, another  Lincean, Giovanni Faber of Bamberg (1574 - 1629) coined the analagous word <I>microscope</I>.";
thisday[415] = "<u> Birth of Leonardo Da Vinci</U><br>Born 15 Apr 1452; died 2 May 1519. <BR>Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer. Da Vinci was a great engineer and inventor who designed buildings, bridges, canals, forts and war machines. He kept huge notebooks sketching his ideas. Among these, he was fascinated by birds and flying and his sketches include such fantastic designs as flying machines. These drawings demonstrate a genius for mechanical invention and insight into scientific inquiry, truly centuries ahead of their time. His greater fame lies in being one of the greatest painters of all times, best known for such paintings as the <I>Mona Lisa</I> and <I>The Last Supper</I>.« ";
thisday[416] = "<U>First woman to fly across English Channel</U> <br>In 1912, American aviator Harriet Quimby became the female pilot to fly across the English Channel.  She left England in a 50-hp monoplane lent to her by Louis Blériot. She headed for France in a plane she had never flown before and a compass she had just learned how to use. Despite poor visibility and fog, Quimby landed 59 minutes later near Hardelot, France. Upon landing, she was greeted by the local residents, but the Titanic sinking just days earlier, limited reporting of Quimby's achievement in the world press. She died the same year, on 1 Jul 1912, when she lost control of her plane at a flying exhibition near Quincy, Mass. She was the first American woman to become a licensed pilot, but her career as a pilot lasted a mere 11 months.";
thisday[417] = "<U>Death of Benjamin Franklin</U><br>American printer and publisher, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat. He become widely known in European scientific circles for his reports of electrical experiments and theories. He invented a type of stove, still being manufactured, to give more warmth than open fireplaces; the lightning rod and bifocal eyeglasses also were his ideas. Grasping the fact that by united effort a community may have amenities which only the wealthy few can get for themselves, he helped establish institutions people now take for granted: a fire company(1736), a library (1731), an insurance company (1752), an academy(1751), and a hospital (1751). In some cases these foundations were the first of their kind in North America.";
thisday[418] = "<u>Death of Albert Einstein</u><br>German-American physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Recognized in his own time as one of the most creative intellects in human history, in the first 15 years of the 20th century Einstein advanced a series of theories that proposed entirely new ways of thinking about space, time, and gravitation. His theories of relativity and gravitation were a profound advance over the old Newtonian physics and revolutionized scientific and philosophic inquiry.";
thisday[419] = "<u>Death of Charles Darwin</u><br>Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist who presented facts to support his theory of the mode of evolution whereby favourable variations would survive which he called 'Natural Selection' or 'Survival of the Fittest', and has become known as Darwinism. His two most important books were <I>On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection</I> (1859) and <I>The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex</I>.";
thisday[420] = "<U>Electron microscope</U> <br>In 1940, the first U.S. electron misroscope was demonstrated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was able to produce a magnification of 100,000 times, in an apparatus 10 feet high and weighing half a ton. The inventor was Dr. Vladimir Zworykin at the RCA laboratories, Camden, New Jersey.";
thisday[421] = "<U>Birth of Jean-Baptiste Biot</U><br>French, mathematician and physicist who co-developed the Biot-Savart law, that the intensity of the magnetic field produced by current flow through a wire varies inversely with the distance from the wire. He did work in astronomy, elasticity, heat, optics, electricity and magnetism. In pure mathematics, he contibuted to geometry. In 1804 he made a 13,000-feet high hot-air balloon with Joseph Gay-Lussac to investigate the atmosphere. In 1806, he accompanied Arago to Spain to complete earlier work there to measure of the arc of the meridian. Biot discovered optical activity in 1815, the ability of a substance to rotate the plane of polarization of light, which laid the basis for saccharimetry, a useful technique of analyzing sugar solutions";
thisday[422] = "<U>Earth Day</U><br>In 1970, the first nationwide Earth Day was celebrated in the U.S. as an environmental awareness event celebrated by millions of Americans with marches, educational programs, and rallies. (A local Earth Day celebration had occurred on 21 Mar 1970, in San Francisco, Cal.). Later the same year, President Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, on 2 Dec 1970 to address America's severe pollution problem. Its mission is to safeguard the nation's water, air and soil from pollution. The agency conducts research, sets standards, monitors activities and helps to enforce environmental protection laws.";
thisday[423] = "<U>Top quark</U><br>In 1994, physicists at the Department of Energy's Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory discovered the subatomic particle called the top quark.";
thisday[424] = "<U>Halley's comet</U><br>In 1061, Halley's Comet heralded an invasion when it appeared over England. A monk spotted it and predicted the destruction of the country.";
thisday[425] = "<U>Hubble Space Telescope</U><br>In 1990,  the $2.5 billion Hubble Space Telescope was deployed in space. Seven years behind schedule and nearly $2 billion over budget, it was plagued with problems from the start. The primary mirror was flawed, blurring images and substantially reduced the telescope's ability to see distant stars or objects. Subsequently, a special investigative panel criticized NASA's handling of the project. However, the problem with the mirror was adjusted and image quality corrected with a specially designed lens installed during a later space mission.";
thisday[426] = "<U>Chernobyl nuclear plant explosion</U><br>In 1986, in Pripet, Russia, the Chernobyl nuclear plant exploded in the world's worst civil nuclear catastrophe which sent a cloud of radioactive dust over Europe. It was the result of an experiment went wrong, causing the fourth reactor to explode and melt down. Thirty-one people, mostly firemen, were killed immediately after the explosion, and several thousand more - those involved in the clean-up and children - have since died from radiation-related illnesses. Ukraine says the health of millions of its people have been affected by the disaster.";
thisday[427] = "<U>Discovery of Hahnium</U><br>In 1970, the discovery of hahnium, element 105, was announced at the American Physical Society meeting in Washington, D.C. The work was done by Albert Ghiorso at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, California. The artifically produced element had an atomic mass of 260, and was named for the German physicist Otto Hahn.";
thisday[428] = "<U>Wave mechanics</U><br>In 1926, the term 'wave mechanics' was coined by nuclear physicist Erwin Schrödinger in a letter he sent to Einstein. The term was applied to the newly emerging branch of physics which interprets the behavious of subatomic particles according to a mathematical description in terms of a wave motion.";
thisday[429] = "<U>3-D TV</U><br>In 1953, the first U.S. three-dimensional television telecast was made by KECA-TV in Los Angeles, California.";
thisday[430] = "<U>Pasteur's germ theory</U><br>In 1878, Louis Pasteur lectured at the French Academy of Science in support of his germ theory of disease, in which he held that many diseases were caused by tiny organisms. Since he still met with opposition from some scientists, he called their contrary opinions 'fatal to medical progress'. Pasteur also described ways to prevent infection, and provided the skeptics with an experiment with which to prove the theory to themselves.";

thisday[51] = "<U>Linnaeus publishes plant names</U><br>In 1753, Carolus Linnaeus published the first edition of his Species Plantarum in which he gave systematic names to plants that are still in use today. He was a Swedish botanist and explorer who was the first to frame principles for defining genera and species of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them. Thus, he is often called the father of classification, and he extended the familiar scheme of dual Latin names to identify animals in 1758. The Species Plantarum was taken by international consent in 1905 as the starting point for modern botanical nomenclature.";
thisday[52] = "<U>Electrolysis of water</U><br>In 1800, English chemist William Nicholson was the first to produce a chemical reaction by electricity. He had been working with Anthony Carlisle, a London surgeon, experimenting with Allesandro Volta's voltaic pile. The new effect was discovered when wires from the poles of the battery being used came into contact with water and bubbles of gas were released as current flowed through the water. Closer examination of the electrolysis showed oxygen was released at the (positive) anode, and hydrogen appeared at the cathode. Electricity had separated the molecules of water. Further, the effect of the amount of hydrogen and oxygen set free by the current was proportional to the amount of current used.";
thisday[53] = "<U>Heart transplant</U><br>In 1968, Dr. Denton Cooley of the Texas Heart Institute performed the first successful heart transplant in the United States on Everett Thomas, whose heart was damaged from rheumatic heart disease. The patient lived for 204 days with the heart donated from a 15-year-old girl. In 1969, Cooley became the first heart surgeon to implant an artificial heart in man.";
thisday[54] = "<U>Tallest building</U><br>In 1973, the first building over 1,400-ft  topped out at 1,454-ft. (finished in 1974), took 3 years to build, and is 1,707-ft tall including its antennas. This, the Sears Building in Chicago, Illinois, stands on Jackson Boulevard between Adams and Franklin Streets. The Sears Tower was designed for more than 12,000 occupants. It took the title of tallest building from the 1,250-ft Empire State Building of New York City which had been dedicated on 1 May 1931.";
thisday[55] = "<U>First U.S. space flight</U><br>In 1961, America's first astronaut in space, Alan Bartlett Shepherd, Jr., made a 15 minute sub-orbital flight that reached an altitude of 115 miles, during which he experienced about five minutes of weightlessness. He was launched in the 2,000-lb. capsule Freedom 7 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, by a Mercury-Redstone 3 rocket. The flight travelled 302 miles at a speed relative to the ground of of 4,500 mph. Although Shepard thus became the first American in space, the world's first human in space flight was Yury Gagarin, a Russian cosmonaut, launched into orbit less than one month earlier, on 12 Apr 1961.";
thisday[56] = "<U>Hindenburg</U><br>In 1937, at 7:25 pm, the dirigible The Hindenburg burned while landing at the naval air station at Lakehurst, N.J. On board were 6l crew and 36 passengers. The landing approach seemed normal, when suddenly a tongue of flame appeared near the stern. Fire spread rapidly through the 7 million cubic feet of hydrogen that filled the balloon. Within a few seconds the Zeppelin exploded in a huge ball of fire. The ship fell tail first with flames shooting out the nose. It crashed into the ground 32 seconds after the flame was first spotted; 36 people died. Captain Ernst Lehmann survived the crash but died the next day. He muttered 'I can't understand it,' The cause remains the subject of debate even today. ";
thisday[57] = "<U>Telestar II</U><br> In 1963, the United States launched the Telstar II communications satellite on behalf of its private owner, ATT. On its tenth orbit, it transmitted the first transatlantic TV program seen in color. It orbited with an apogee of 6,700 miles (10,800 km). This superceded ATT's original Telstar satellite, which had ceased operating in 1962, due to transistor damage caused by radiation from a high-altitude nuclear test. Telstar II was built with shielding against such radiation.";
thisday[58] = "<U>Creation of the Metric system</U><br>In 1790, acting on a motion by a bishop, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand(1754-1838), the French National Assembly decided to create a simple, stable, decimal system of measurement units. The earliest metre unit chosen was the length of a pendulum with a half-period of a second. On 30 Mar 1791, after a proposal by the Academie des sciences (Borda, Lagrange, Laplace,  Monge and Condorcet), the Assembly revised the definition of the metre to be 1/10 000 000 of the distance between the north pole and the equator. On 7 Apr 1795, the Convention decreed that the new 'Republican Measures' were to be henceforth legal measures in France. The metric system adopted prefixes: greek for multiples and latin for decimal fractions.";
thisday[59] = "<U>Death of Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac</U><br>Died 9 May 1850 (born 6 Dec 1778) French chemist best known for his work on gases. In 1805, by exploding together given volumes of hydrogen and oxygen, Gay-Lussac discovered they combined in ratio 2:1 by volume to form water. By 1808, after researches using other gases, he formulated his famous law of combining volumes - that when gases combine their relative volumes bear a simple numerical relation to each other (e.g., 1:1, 2:1) and to their gaseous product (under constant pressure and temperature). He developed techniques of quantitative chemical analysis, confirmed that iodine was an element, discovered cyanogen, improved the process for manufacturing sulfuric acid, prepared potassium and boron (1808). He made two balloon ascents to study the atmosphere.";
thisday[510] = "<U>Cesium</U><br>In 1860, the discovery of the element cesium was announced by German chemists, Robert Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchoff to the Berlin Academy of Scientists. It was first noticed by its characteristic blue spectral lines, for which color is was named.";
thisday[511] = "<U>Richard P. Feynman's Birthday</U><br> Born 11 May 1918, died 15 Feb 1988. <BR>Richard Feynman was an American theoretical physicist who was probably the most brilliant, influential, and iconoclastic figure in his field in the post-WW II era. By age 15, he had mastered calculus. He took every physics course at MIT. His lifelong interest was in subatomic physics. In 1942, he went to Los Alamos where Hans Bethe made the 24 year old Feynman a group leader in the theoretical division, to work on estimating how much uranium would be needed to achieve critical mass for the Manhattan (atomic bomb) Project. After the war, he developed Feynman Diagrams, a simple notation to describe the complex behavior of subatomic particles. In 1965, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for in quantum electrodynamics.";
thisday[512] = "<U>Planetarium</U><br>In 1930, the Adler Planetarium and Astronomical Museum was opened to the public in Chicago, Illinois. A program using the Zeiss II star projector was presented by Prof. Philip Fox, who resigned from the staff of Northwestern Observatory to take charge of the new $1 million facility. Housed in a granite building, it was donated to the city by Max Adler, retired vice president of Sears, Roebuck Co. He had been so impressed when he previously visited the world’s first planetarium at the Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany, that he resolved to construct America's first modern planetarium open to the public in his home city. Its site was within the fairgrounds of the Century of Progress Exposition in 1933-34, and was an outstanding attraction.";
thisday[513] = "<U>First U.S.-built printing press</U><br>In 1821, Samuel Rust of New York City patented the Washington press, the first, practical and successful printing press to be built in America. A previous invention, in 1816, by George E Clymer, the Columbian Press had not been widely adopted in the U.S., and Clymer had taken his business to England.";
thisday[514] = "<U>Vaccination</U><br>In 1796, English physician Edward Jenner administered the first vaccination against smallpox to an eight-year-old boy. Jenner innoculated an 8-year-old boy, James Phipps, with material from the sores of dairymaid Sarah Nelmes who had a mild case of cowpox. He subsequently tested the boy's resistance to smallpox, which fortunately was successful. This tested a conventional wisdom he had heard that those who had survived cowpox seemed to be immune to the deadly smallpox disease.";
thisday[515] = "<U>Einstein receives Benjamin Franklin Medal</U><br>In 1935, at the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Albert Einstein was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Medal for his outstanding fundamental contributions to theoretical physics, especially his relativity theory. According to Time magazine, 'A throng of scientists and dignitaries was assembled to hear what the medalist had to say. Einstein genially informed the chairman that he had nothing to say, that inspiration which he had awaited until the last moment had failed him. The chairman, much more embarrassed than the medalist, conveyed this information to the audience.' In atonement, Einstein wrote a 44-page essay entitled 'Physics and Reality,' published in the Mar 1936 issue of their Journal of the Franklin Institute.";
thisday[516] = "<U>Root beer</U><br>In 1866, root beer was invented by Charles Elmer Hires.";
thisday[517] = "<U>Dissociation theory</U><br>In 1883, Svante Arrhenius was struck by the ideas for his dissociation theory during a sleepless night. This theory explains that substances like salt (ex. sodium chloride) when dissolved in water, dissociate (separate) into electrically charged ions (ex. positive sodium ions and negative chloride ions). The idea was controversial at first, but is now a basic fact in understanding the chemistry of ionic compounds.";
thisday[518] = "<U>Mount St. Helens</U><br>In 1980, following a weeklong series of earthquakes and smaller explosions of ash and smoke, the long-dormant Mount St. Helens volcano erupted in Washington state, U.S., hurling ash 15,000 feet into the air and setting off mudslides and avalanches. The eruptions caused minimal damage in the sparsely populated area, but about 400 people - mostly loggers and forest rangers - were evacuated. The explosion was characterized as the equivalent of 27,000 atomic bombs. The cloud of ash eventually circled the globe.";
thisday[519] = "<U>Nuclear submarine</U><br>In 1959, the first submarine with two nuclear reactors was completed. The Triton was 447 feet long, 37 feet wide and was manned by 148 officers and crew. The General Electric Co. built the two water-cooled nuclear reactors. Each propeller was powered by electrical current provided by one of the reactors. The submarine had a cruising range of 110,000 miles. The first U.S. atomic powered submarine had been completed a few years before, on 22 Apr 1955.";
thisday[520] = "<U>Scurvy</U><br>In 1747, an experiment to remedy scurvy among sailors was begun by a British ship's surgeon, James Lind, on the HMS Salisbury. He regulated the diets of the sailors, and especially included lemons and oranges. Positive results quickly showed that scurvy, and the huge numbers of deaths, could be easily remedied.";
thisday[521] = "<U>Lucite</U><br>In 1936, commercial production of Lucite was begun in the U.S. by DuPont in Wilmington, Del. Lucite is their trademark name for the plastic (polymethyl methacrylate) that is crystal clear. Lucite is also highly non-conducting and has low moisture absorption. Other manufacturers in the world now use other names for this plastic, including Perspex and Plexiglass.";
thisday[522] = "<U>Ethernet</U><br>In 1973, Robert Metcalfe wrote a memo describing a way to transmit data from the early generation of personal computers to a new device, the laser printer. He called his multipoint data communications system Ethernet, and today it continues to dominate as the standard computer network. A U.S. patent for 'a Multipoint data communication system with collision detection' was issued 13 Dec 1977 ( 4,063,220) to Metcalfe, and others who developed the Ethernet. The patent was assigned to the Xerox Corporation.";
thisday[523] = "<U>Arm transplant</U><br>In 1962, In a first transplant of a human limb, a 12-year-old boy's right arm was replaced by Drs. Donald A. Malt and J. McKhann at the Massachusetts General Hospital.";
thisday[524] = "<U>Spectrophotometer</U><br>In 1935, the first spectrophotometer was sold by General Electric Co., assignee of the patent issued at the beginning of the year to the inventor, Arthur Cobb Harvey ('Photometric Apparatus,' 8 Jan 1935, U.S. No. 1,987,441). This electronic machine was capable of distinguishing and charting two million different shades of colour. The apparatus used a photo-electric device to receive light alternately from a sample and from a standard for comparison. Its important innovation was to eliminate any need for the two beams (from sample and from standard) to travel different optical paths which in previous designs could introduce inaccuracies when one path varied from the other, caused for example by dirt on a lens in one path.";
thisday[525] = "<U>Penicillin test</U><br>In 1940, as a test of  penicillin, eight mice were inoculated with a lethal dose of streptococci and then four of them were injected with penicillin. Next day the four mice given streptococci alone were dead, the four with penicillin were healthy. Thus Howard Florey, Ernst Chain, and Norman Heatley, found success. They had produced enough antibiotic to test by isolating the active ingredient from what Fleming had called 'mould juice,' Ten years before, Fleming had found that penicillin proved hard to produce, it was very unstable and had no effect on certain bacteria (eg cholera, bubonic plague). When Fleming found that penicillin would not work in animals when given by mouth, his interest waned. The three Oxford scientist had revived his work.";
thisday[526] = "<U>Leeuwenhoek's animalcules</U><br>In 1676, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek applied his hobby of making microscopes from his own handmade lenses to observe some water running off a roof during a heavy rainstorm. He finds that it contains, in his words, 'very little animalcules.' The life he has found in the runoff water is not present in pure rainwater. This was a fundamental discovery, for it showed that the bacteria and one-celled animals did not fall from the sky. When a ball of molten glass is inflated like a balloon, a small droplet of the hot fluid collects at the very bottom the bubble. Leeuwenhoek used these droplets as microscope lenses to view the animalcules. Despite their crude nature, those early lenses enabled Leeuwenhoek to describe an amazing world of microscopic life.";
thisday[527] = "<U>Highest temperature</U><br>In 1994, the highest temperature produced in a lab was a plasma temperature of 510 million degrees Celsius (918,000,000 deg F) in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) operated at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory of Princeton University. An early record was set there in 1985, when the TFTR was the first tokamak to achieve the reactor temperature of 100 million degrees Celsius. The TFTR (Dec 1982-Apr 1997) was the largest magnetic fusion experiment in the U.S. and was the first such device in the world to studied the confinement and heating of plasmas with 50/50 mixtures of deuterium and tritium - the fuel mixture likely to be used in the commercial fusion power plants of the twenty-first century.";
thisday[528] = "<U>First cloned horse</U><br>In 2003, the first cloned horse was born in a natural delivery. It is also the first cloned mammal born to its genetic mother. The foal, called Prometea, was created in the lab by fusing an adult skin cell and an empty egg then returning the resulting embryo to the female's womb after a few days. The cloning was accomplished by Prof Cesare Galli, of the Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy. It was the only successful one of 328 reconstructed embryos. DNA tests confirmed that she is genetically identical to her mother and twin. Although clones are currently banned from racing, tissue from many top animals has been stored for cloning. The birth was announced in <I>Nature</I> on 7 Aug 2003. ";
thisday[529] = "<U>Einstein's relativity theory proved</U><br>In 1919, a solar eclipse permitted observation of the bending of starlight passing through the sun's gravitational field, as predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Separate expeditions of the Royal Astronomical Society travelled to Brazil and off the west coast of Africa. Both made measurements of the position of stars visible close to the sun during a solar eclipse. These observations showed that, indeed, the light of stars was bent as it passed through the gravitational field of the sun. This was a key prediction of Einstein's theory that gravity affected energy as in addition to the familiar effect on matter. The verification of predictions of Einstein's theory, proved during the solar eclipse was a dramatic landmark scientific event.";
thisday[530] = "<U>Discovery of Krypton</U><br> In 1898, Morris William Travers, an English chemist, while working with Sir Willam Ramsay in London, discovered the element krypton. The name derives from the Greek word for 'hidden.' It was a fraction separated from liquified air, which when placed in a Plücker tube connected to an induction coil yielded a spectrum with a bright yellow line with a greener tint than the known helium line and a brilliant green line that corresponded to nothing seen before.";
thisday[531] = "<U>Introduction of Corn Flakes</U>In 1884, a patent for 'flaked cereal' was applied for by Dr. John Harvey Kellogg. He was trying to improve the vegetarian diet of his hospital patients, by searching for a digestible bread-substitute by the process of boiling wheat. Kellogg accidentally left a pot of boiled wheat to stand and become tempered. When it was put through a rolling process, each grain of wheat emerged as a large, thin flake. When the flakes were baked, they became crisp and light, creating an easy to prepare breakfast when milk was added. His brother Will Keith Kellogg (W.K.) began his cereal-making career in the 1890's when he assisted his brother, then saw the potential, and on 19 Feb 1906, he created the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Co.";

thisday[61] = "<U>Stereo FM</U><br>In 1961, FM stereo broadcasting is authorized to begin in the U.S. when on this date the Federal Communications Commission received its first notifications of such regular operation, from WEFM Chicago and WGFM Schenectady. Both stations had previously experimented with stereo broadcasting, as had others. The FCC adopted the stereo FM broadcasting standards coinvented by Carl Eilers of Zenith.";
thisday[62] = "<U>Hydroelectricity</U><br>In 1889, a hydroelectric power plant generated alternating current electricity which was for the first time made available to consumers at a significant distance from its origin. A 13 mile power line linked the Willamette Falls Electric Co. power plant to Portland, Ore. Two 300 h.p. Stilwell &amp; Bierce waterwheels together drove a single phase, 720 kilowatt generator. It was not the first hydroelectric power plant, for one had been demonstrated in Appleton, Wisc., 30 Sep 1882 with a small dynamo. Rather, it is the use of alternating current that is significant, for this makes possible long-distance transmission that overcomes the problems of direct current. AC generators driven by steam power had been in use elsewhere since 1886.";
thisday[63] = "<U>First American spacewalk</U><br>In 1965, the first American astronaut to make a spacewalk was Major Edward White II,  when he spent 20 minutes outside the Gemini 4 capsule during Earth orbit at an altitude of 120 miles. A tether and 25 foot airline were wrapped in gold tape to form a single, thick cord. He used a hand-held 7.5 pound oxygen jet propulsion gun to maneuver. The launch had taken place a few hours earlier on the same day. During the remainder of the flight, pilot White and his crewmate commander McDivitt completed 12 scientific and medical experiments. The total time in orbit was almost 98 hours, making 62 orbits. Soviet cosmonaut Aleksei A. Leonov, had made the first ever spacewalk for 10 minutes about three months earlier.";
thisday[64] = "<U>Oldest U.S. animal fossils</U><br>In 1975, the discovery of the oldest animal fossils in the U.S., large narrow marine worms dating back some 620 million years, was reported in North Carolina. They were found on the Little River, north of Durham. The worms were early examples of polychaete annelids - tube building, toothless marine worms - and are among the oldest fossils in the United States.";
thisday[65] = "<U>AIDS</U><br>In 1981, a epidemic disease, later to be named as AIDS, was briefly described by Dr. Michael Gottlieb in the newsletter of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. This was the first notice to be published on AIDS, though it had not yet been given that name. Gottlieb was in his first research position as assistant professor of medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles. Despite the medical profession's refusal to acknowledge the AIDS crisis, he pursued early immune deficiency cases and urged the publication of his findings. He left UCLA in 1987 to open a private practice, he has devoted his career to treating AIDS patients and fostering AIDS research. He was one of the first researchers to test the drug AZT on AIDS patients.";
thisday[66] = "<U>Detergent</U><br>In 1907, Persil, the first household detergent, was marketed by Henkel &amp Cie, of Düsseldorf as the first 'self-acting' washing powder in the world. Persil was the combination of both washing and bleaching agents in one powder. The brand name derived from the beginning syllables of its two most important chemical components, perborate (a bleaching agent) and silicate. The first Persil packet was a paper-wrapped folding box, with much text, decorated in the primary colors green, red and white. Around 1910 the popular Persil box triggered the beginnings of brand piracy, as witnessed by innumerable imitation attempts (Pirsil, Pirsal, Persiehl etc.) In 1917, the Persil brand was registered as a trademark.";
thisday[67] = "<U>Solar power plant</U><br>In 1980, the first U.S. solar power plant was dedicated. It was sited at the Natural Bridge National Monument, Utah. With over 250,000 solar cells arrayed in 12 long rows, its 100-kilowatt output could provide the power needs for the buildings and facilities of that National Park. The nearest alternate power line was 38 miles away. The National Park System was part of the joint venture with MIT's Lincoln Laboratory and the Dept. of Energy.";
thisday[68] = "<U>Neptunium</U><br>In 1940, discovery of element 93, neptunium(symbol Np) was announced by Edwin M. McMillan and Philip H. Abelson working at the University of California at Berkeley. While studying nuclear fission, McMillan had discovered neptunium as a decay product of uranium-239 by beta decay. They were able to prove that its chemical and nuclear properties were unique, and thus a new element. Its later isolation in metallic form (Oct 1944) provided final proof. It was named neptunium after Neptune, the planet immediately beyond Uranus. As the first element heavier than uranium, it was called a transuranium element. For his discovery, McMillan was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1951.";
thisday[69] = "<U>Einstein published</U><br>In 1905, Albert Einstein published his analysis of Planck's quantum theory and its application to light. His article appeared in Annalen der Physik. Though no experimental work was involved, it was for these insights that Einstein earned his Nobel Prize.";
thisday[610] = "<U>Virus separation</U><br>In 1955, the first U.S. report was made of the separation of a virus into component parts. This work was performed on the tobacco virus, which furthermore could be reconstructed from those parts to produce a material as effective as the virus in its original form in producing disease in tabacco and other plants. They demonstrated that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) spontaneously formed when mixtures of purified coat protein and its genomic RNA were incubated together, i.e. the structure that TMV adopts is self-ordered and corresponds to a free energy minimum. The report covered the research work of Drs. Heinz L. Fraenkel-Conratand Robley Williams at the Virus Laboratory of the University of California at Berkeley.";
thisday[611] = "<U>Barometer</U><br>In 1644, Florentine scientist, Evangelista Torricelli described in a letter the invention of a barometer, or 'torricellian tube.'";
thisday[612] = "<U>First animated cartoon</U><br>In 1913, the first animated cartoon made in the U.S. by modern techniques was released. John Randolph Bray invented and patented the process, producing a movie called The Artist's Dream (also known as The Dachsund) in which a dog eats sausages until it explodes. Bray began his career as an artist for a newspaper. He soon began selling cartoons to magazines. After signing a contract with Pathe to make cartoons, Bray set up his own studio with other artists. He patented many of his improvements on the animation process, realizing early on the business potential of these developments. One of these innovations was the use of translucent paper to make it easier to position objects in successive drawings.";
thisday[613] = "<U>Sunspots</U><br>In 1611, a publication on the newly discovered phenomenon of sunspots was dedicated. <I>Narratio de maculis in sole observatis et apparente earum cum sole conversione</I>. ('Narration on Spots Observed on the Sun and their Apparent Rotation with the Sun'). This first publication on such observations, was the work of Johannes Fabricius, a Dutch astronomer who was perhaps the first ever to observe sunspots. On 9 Mar 1611, at dawn, Johannes had used his telescope to view the rising sun and had seen several dark spots on it. He called his father to investigate this new phenomenon with him. The brightness of the Sun's center was very painful, and the two quickly switched to a projection method by means of a camera obscura. ";
thisday[614] = "<U>Univac 1</U><br>In 1951, the Univac1 was unveiled in Washington, DC. and dedicated as the world's first commercial computer. The Univac was manufactured for the U.S. Census Bureau by Remington Rand Corp. The massive computer was 8 feet high, 7-1/2 feet wide and 14-1/2 feet long. It could retain a maximum of 1000 numbers and was able to add, subtract, multiply, divide, sort, collate and take square and cube roots. Its transfer rate to and from magnetic tape was 10,000 characters per second. This was five years after the ENIAC, the first electronic computer in the U.S., was completed.";
thisday[615] = "<U>Lightning experiment</U><br>In 1752, Ben Franklin's kite-flying experiment proved lightning and electricity were related while flying a kite with a key attatched. In Sep 1752, he equipped his house with a lightning rod, connecting it to bells that ring when rod is electrified. He explained how to perform a kite experiment in the 19 Oct 1752 issue of the <I>Pennsylvania Gazette</I>. He had earlier proposed use of lightning rods to protect houses in a 2 Mar 1750 letter to Collinson and in the same year, on 29 Jul 1750, he devised an experiment involving a sentry-box with a pointed rod on its roof, to be erected on hilltop or in church steeple, with rod attached to a Leyden jar which would collect the electrical charge, and thus prove lightning to be a form of electricity.";
thisday[616] = "<U>Roller coaster</U><br>In 1884, the first gravity-powered American roller coaster that was commercially successful was put in operation at Coney Island, N.Y., the invention of La Marcus Thompson. Passengers rode a train on undulating tracks over a wooden structure 600-ft long. The train started at a height of 50-ft on one end and ran downhill by gravity until its momentum died. Passengers then left the train and attendants pushed the car over a switch to a higher level. The passengers returned to their sideways facing seats and rode back to the original starting point. Admission on the Thompson Switchback Railway was 5 cents and he grossed an average of $600 / day. Within 4 yrs he had built about 50 more across the U.S. and in Europe.";
thisday[617] = "<U>Lister</U><br>In 1867, Joseph Lister in Glasgow, Scotland became the first surgeon to perform surgery under antiseptic conditions.";
thisday[618] = "Today is June 18th.";
thisday[619] = "Today is June 19th.";
thisday[620] = "Today is June 20th.";
thisday[621] = "Today is June 21st.";
thisday[622] = "Today is June 22nd.";
thisday[623] = "Today is June 23rd.";
thisday[624] = "Today is June 24th.";
thisday[625] = "Today is June 25th.";
thisday[626] = "Today is June 26th.";
thisday[627] = "Today is June 27th.";
thisday[628] = "Today is June 28th.";
thisday[629] = "Today is June 29th.";
thisday[630] = "Today is June 30th.";

thisday[71] = "Today is July 1st.";
thisday[72] = "Today is July 2nd.";
thisday[73] = "Today is July 3rd.";
thisday[74] = "Today is July 4th.";
thisday[75] = "Today is July 5th.";
thisday[76] = "Today is July 6th.";
thisday[77] = "Today is July 7th.";
thisday[78] = "Today is July 8th.";
thisday[79] = "Today is July 9th.";
thisday[710] = "Today is July 10th.";
thisday[711] = "Today is July 11th.";
thisday[712] = "Today is July 12th.";
thisday[713] = "Today is July 13th.";
thisday[714] = "Today is July 14th.";
thisday[715] = "Today is July 15th.";
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thisday[717] = "Today is July 17th.";
thisday[718] = "Today is July 18th.";
thisday[719] = "Today is July 19th.";
thisday[720] = "Today is July 20th.";
thisday[721] = "Today is July 21st.";
thisday[722] = "Today is July 22nd.";
thisday[723] = "Today is July 23rd.";
thisday[724] = "Today is July 24th.";
thisday[725] = "Today is July 25th.";
thisday[726] = "Today is July 26th.";
thisday[727] = "Today is July 27th.";
thisday[728] = "Today is July 28th.";
thisday[729] = "Today is July 29th.";
thisday[730] = "Today is July 30th.";
thisday[731] = "Today is July 31st.";

thisday[81] = "Today is August 1st.";
thisday[82] = "Today is August 2nd.";
thisday[83] = "Today is August 3rd.";
thisday[84] = "Today is August 4th.";
thisday[85] = "Today is August 5th.";
thisday[86] = "Today is August 6th.";
thisday[87] = "Today is August 7th.";
thisday[88] = "Today is August 8th.";
thisday[89] = "Today is August 9th.";
thisday[810] = "Today is August 10th.";
thisday[811] = "Today is August 11th.";
thisday[812] = "Today is August 12th.";
thisday[813] = "Today is August 13th.";
thisday[814] = "Today is August 14th.";
thisday[815] = "Today is August 15th.";
thisday[816] = "Today is August 16th.";
thisday[817] = "Today is August 17th.";
thisday[818] = "Today is August 18th.";
thisday[819] = "Today is August 19th.";
thisday[820] = "<u>Telegram</U><br>In 1911, the first cable message sent around the world from the U.S. by commercial telegraph was transmitted from New York City. It read 'This message sent around the world,' left the New York Times building at 7:00 pm and was received at 7:16 pm after travelling nearly 29,000 miles through 16 relays via the Azores, Gibraltar, India, Phillipines, Midway, Guam, Hawaii and San Francisco.";
thisday[821] = "<u>Mars Observer lost</u><br>In 1993, contact was lost with the Mars Observer spacecraft, following the pressurization of the rocket thruster fuel tanks, three days before it was to begin orbiting the Red Planet. The Mars Observer was to be the first U.S. spacecraft to study Mars since the Viking missions 18 years earlier. The fate of the $980 million mission remains unknown, though a commission studied possible causes for the failure.";
thisday[822] = "<u>Soap Patent</U><br>In 1865, the first U.S. patent for a liquid soap was issued to William Sheppard of New York City. The patent described his 'discovery that by the addition of comparatively small quantities of common soap to a large quantity of spirits of ammonia or hartshorn is thickened to the consistency of molasses, and a liquid soap is obtained of superior detergent qualities.' The proportions given were to dissolve one pound of common soap in water or steam, and then add 100-lbs of ammonia such that the liquid thickens to the consistency of molasses. The product was expected to be useful for both domestic and manufacturing purposes. Hartshorn is an ancient name for an aqueous solution of ammonia.";
thisday[823] = "<U>First photograph of the Earth from Moon</U><br>In 1966, the Lunar Orbiter 1 took the first photograph of the Earth from the Moon.";
thisday[824] = "<U>Amelia Earhart record</U><br>In 1932, Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly non-stop across the United States, traveling from Los Angeles to Newark, N.J., in just over 19 hours.";
thisday[825] = "<U>Birth of Sir Hans Adolf Krebs</U><br>German-born British biochemist who received the 1953 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery in living organisms of the series of chemical reactions known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle the basic system for the essential pathway of oxidation process within the cell. These reactions involve the conversion - in the presence of oxygen--of substances that are formed by the breakdown of sugars, fats, and protein components to carbon dioxide, water, and energy-rich compounds.The Krebs cycle explains two simultaneous processes: the degradation reactions which yield energy, and the building-up processes which use up energy.";
thisday[826] = "<U>Birth of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier</U><BR>Born 26 Aug 1743; died 8 May 1794.<br>French scientist, the 'father of modern chemistry,' was a brilliant experimenter also active in public affairs. An aristocrat, he invested in a private company hired by the government to collect taxes. With his wealth he built a large laboratory. In 1778, he found that air consists of a mixture of two gases which he called oxygen and nitrogen. By studying the role of oxygen in combustion, he replaced the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier also discovered the law of conservation of mass and devised the modern method of naming compounds, which replaced the older nonsystematic method. During the French Revolution, for his involvement with tax-collecting, he was guillotined.";
thisday[827] = "<u>Mars Observer lost</u><br>In 1993, contact was lost with the Mars Observer spacecraft, following the pressurization of the rocket thruster fuel tanks, three days before it was to begin orbiting the Red Planet. The Mars Observer was to be the first U.S. spacecraft to study Mars since the Viking missions 18 years earlier. The fate of the $980 million mission remains unknown, though a commission studied possible causes for the failure.";
thisday[828] = "<u>Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield Born 28 Aug 1919, died 12 Aug 2004.</u><br> English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (with Allan Cormack) for creation of computerised axial tomography (CAT) scanners. He originated the idea during a country walk in 1967 when he realized that the contents of a box could be reconstructed by taking readings at all angles through it. He applied the concept for scanning the brain using hundreds of X-ray beams imaging cross-sections that were reconstructed as high-resolution graphics by a computer program handling complex algebraic calculations.";
thisday[829] = "<u>Faraday experiment</u><br> In 1831, Michael Faraday wound a thick iron ring on one side with insulated wire that was connected to a battery. He then wound the opposite side with wire connected to a galvanometer. He found that upon closing the battery circuit, there was a deflection of the galvanometer in the second circuit. Then he was astonished to see the galvanometer needle jump in the opposite direction when the battery circuit was opened. He had discovered that a current was induced in the secondary when a current in the primary was connected and an induced current in the opposite direction when the primary current was disconnected. ";
thisday[830] = "<u>Birth of Rutherford, Death of Thompson</u><br>";
thisday[831] = "<u>U.S. earthquake</u><br> In 1886, the first U.S. earthquake on record with significant human consequence - the loss of some 100 lives - hit Charleston, S.C. and its massive effect spread  through many eastern States. The epicenter was 15 miles northwest of Charleston, where 41 people died, 90 percent of the city's 6,956 brick buildings were damaged, and nearly all of its 14,000 chimneys were broken off at the roof. However, geologically the most severe earthquakes in U.S. history had occurred earlier in the century. The epicenter then was in a sparsely populated region and caused no known casualties, so the human consequences were relatively not significant, although the violent movement of the ground changed the course of the Mississippi River and created many new lakes.";

thisday[91] = "<u>Antiseptic surgery</u><br> In 1865, Joseph Lister performed the first antiseptic surgery.";
thisday[92] = "<u>Titanic wreck located</u><br> In 1985, it was announced that a U.S. and French expedition had located the wreckage of the Titanic about 560 miles off Newfoundland, 73 years after the British luxury liner sank.";
thisday[93] = "<u>Dalton's atomic symbols </u><br>In 1803, John Dalton recorded in his notebook 'Observations on the Ultimate Particles of Bodies and their Combinations,' in which his atomic symbols were introduced and which he continued to use. ";
thisday[94] = "<u>Meningitis vaccine</u><br> In 2006, a vaccine for a type of meningitis was offered for the first time in Great Britain for all babies at two, four and 13 months as part of the national childhood immunisation programme. The vaccine is designed for protection against pneumococcal disease which causes meningitis and septicaemia, a very serious infection, with a death rate of 20 per cent. Of children that survive infection, a quarter suffer life-long brain damage, deafness and epilepsy. Babies are particularly vulnerable. The Wyeth pharmaceuticals company, the vaccine supplier, reported that its use in America had shown a significant reduction in cases. An estimated 50 babies a year are expected to be protected from the devastating after-effects of pneumococcal meningitis";
thisday[95] = "<u>Voyager 1</u><br> In 1977, NASA launched Voyager 1 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, aboard a Titan-Centaur rocket. Voyager 2 had been launched similarly the previous month, on 20 Aug 1977.";
thisday[96] = "<u>Insulin by genetic engineering</u><br> In 1978, U.S. scientists announced the production of human-type insulin by a strain of E. coli bacteria, that had been genetically engineered after months of creative use of gene-splicing techniques. The work was a joint effort by research teams in California at the biochemical firm, Genentech Inc, San Francisco and the City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles. A normal body's production of insulin takes place within cells of the pancreas, programmed by certain genes (segments of DNA). The scientists synthesized copies of these genes and inserted them into a weakened lab strain of the intestinal microbe Escherichia coli. In 1982, insulin was the first recombinant DNA drug to be marketed, Humulin by Eli Lilly & Co.";
thisday[97] = "<u>First baby incubator</u><br> In 1888, a baby incubator was first used in the U.S. to care for an infant at State Emigrant Hospital on Ward's Island, New York. Edith Eleanor McLean weighed 2-lb 7-oz. Originally called a 'hatching cradle,' the device was 3-ft square, 4-ft high,  It was designed to increase the survival rate for premature infants by the maternity ward doctors, Drs. Allan M. Thomas and William C. Deming. At the 1904 World's Fair, Tennessean E.M. Bayliss exhibited 14 metal-framed glass incubators with constant ventilation and temperature of 90ºF, attended by nurses caring for real endangered infants from orphanages and poor families. The care of the infants was paid for by the exhibit admission fee.";
thisday[98] = "<u>Pump handle removal stops cholera epidemic</u><br> In 1854, Dr. John Snow removed the handle of the Broad Street water pump in London, thus effectively halting further spread of cholera. He had mapped the outbreaks, and thus suspected contamination of this community source of water. He was correct in this, one of the most symbolic gestures in the history of public health. Within days after the pump handle was removed, new cases of illness had ceased. Site investigation showed raw sewage from a leaking sewage cesspool that had contaminated the well water. Thus Snow, who was already a celebrated anaesthetist became a pioneer of epidemiology.";
thisday[99] = "<u>Ozone hole over city</u><br> In 2000, the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica stretched over a populated city for the first time, after ballooning to a new record size. For two days, Sept. 9-10, the hole extended over the southern Chile city of Punta Arenas, exposing residents to very high levels of ultra violet radiation. Too much UV radiation can cause skin cancer and destroy tiny plants at the beginning of the food chain. Previously, the hole had only opened over Antarctica and the surrounding ocean. Data from the U.S. space agency NASA showed the hole covered 11.4 million square miles - an area more than three times the size of the United States. ";
thisday[910] = "<u>DNA fingerprinting</u><br> In 1984, DNA fingerprinting was discovered in Leicester, England, by Alec Jeffreys as X-ray films of his tests first revealed the possibility. As he studied the image, at first what he saw seemed just a complicated mess. Then he realized this could be DNA-based biological identification since every person has a unique DNA profile. The technique has since helped in forensics, crime investigation and identifying family members. However, this result was merely an accident outcome of research Jeffreys was conducting to trace genetic markers through families for the original purpose of understanding inheritance patterns of illness. The first use of DNA profiling in criminology proved innocence.";
thisday[911] = "<u>First Mobile Phone Conversation</U><br>In 1946, the first mobile long-distance car-to-car telephone conversation took place between Houston, Texas and St. Louis, Missouri.";
thisday[912] = "<U>First Integrated Circuit</U><br>In 1958, Jack Kilby demonstrated his invention of a miniaturized electronic circuit to his supervisor at Texas Instruments, now recognised as the first integrated circuit to be built and operated. On 6 Feb 1959, he applied for a patent, which was eventually issued on 23 Jun 1964.";
thisday[913] = "<u>Birth of Hans Christian Joachim Gram, Born 13 Sep 1853; died 14 Nov 1938</u><br>Danish pharmacologist and pathologist, who invented the Gram stain, the best known and most widely used bacteriological staining method that is almost always the first test performed for the identification of bacteria.";
thisday[914] = "<u>Death of Pierre Vernier Died 14 Sep 1637</u><br>French mathematician who invented the vernier scale, which enabled instruments to make more accurate linear or angular measurements. He first described it in a work entitled La construction, l'usage et les propriétés du cadran nouveau (1631)*. It consists of a small graduated scale or arc made to slide along a larger fixed scale or arc to enable determining the increment between two graduations of the larger scale. The ten divisions of the smaller, vernier scale are equal to nine of the fixed scale. For example, calipers with a larger scale graduated in tenths of inches can be read by use of the vernier scale to within one-hundredths of an inch. Vernier scales are also used on sextants and mercury column barometers.";
thisday[915] = "<u>Weather balloon</u><br>In 1904, the first balloon used  for meteorologic research in the U.S. was released in St. Louis, Missouri. The balloon carried instruments that would return to Earth when the balloon burst. Since this first launch, literally millions of weather balloons have been launched by the National Weather Service and its predecessor organizations. Meteorologic data is gathered by a variety of observational and analytical instruments on the surface of the Earth, in balloons, and now instruments are carried in satellites.";
thisday[916] = "<u>Oxygen</u><br>In 1774, Lavoisier observed that heating mercuric oxide produces metallic mercury. He thought the reaction might have been caused by contact with iron; he made no note of gas evolution in his notebook.";
thisday[917] = "<u>Leeuwenhoek's observation of bacteria</u><br>In 1683, the Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek wrote to the Royal Society reporting his discovery of microscopic living animalcules (live bacteria). He had made observations on the plaque between his own teeth, 'a little white matter, which is as thick as if it were batter.' Looking at these samples with his microscope, Leeuwenhoek reported how in his own mouth: 'I then most always saw, with great wonder, that in the said matter there were many very little living animalcules, very prettily a-moving. The biggest sort. . . had a very strong and swift motion, and shot through the water (or spittle) like a pike does through the water. The second sort. . .oft-times spun round like a top. . . and these were far more in number.'";
thisday[918] = "Today is September 18th.";
thisday[919] = "Today is September 19th.";
thisday[920] = "Today is September 20th.";
thisday[921] = "Today is September 21st.";
thisday[922] = "Today is September 22nd.";
thisday[923] = "Negative";
thisday[924] = "Today is September 24th.";
thisday[925] = "Today is September 25th.";
thisday[926] = "Today is September 26th.";
thisday[927] = "Today is September 27th.";
thisday[928] = "Today is September 28th.";
thisday[929] = "Today is September 29th.";
thisday[930] = "Today is September 30th.";

thisday[101] = "Today is October 1st.";
thisday[102] = "Today is October 2nd.";
thisday[103] = "Today is October 3rd.";
thisday[104] = "Today is October 4th.";
thisday[105] = "Today is October 5th.";
thisday[106] = "Today is October 6th.";
thisday[107] = "Today is October 7th.";
thisday[108] = "Today is October 8th.";
thisday[109] = "Today is October 9th.";
thisday[1010] = "Today is October 10th.";
thisday[1011] = "Today is October 11th.";
thisday[1012] = "Today is October 12th.";
thisday[1013] = "Today is October 13th.";
thisday[1014] = "Today is October 14th.";
thisday[1015] = "Today is October 15th.";
thisday[1016] = "Today is October 16th.";
thisday[1017] = "Today is October 17th.";
thisday[1018] = "Today is October 18th.";
thisday[1019] = "Today is October 19th.";
thisday[1020] = "Today is October 20th.";
thisday[1021] = "Today is October 21st.";
thisday[1022] = "Today is October 22nd.";
thisday[1023] = "Today is October 23rd.";
thisday[1024] = "Today is October 24th.";
thisday[1025] = "Today is October 25th.";
thisday[1026] = "Today is October 26th.";
thisday[1027] = "Today is October 27th.";
thisday[1028] = "Death of Enrico Fermi";
thisday[1029] = "Today is October 29th.";
thisday[1030] = "Today is October 30th.";
thisday[1031] = "Today is October 31st.";

thisday[111] = "Today is November 1st.";
thisday[112] = "Today is November 2nd.";
thisday[113] = "Today is November 3rd.";
thisday[114] = "Today is November 4th.";
thisday[115] = "Today is November 5th.";
thisday[116] = "Today is November 6th.";
thisday[117] = "Today is November 7th.";
thisday[118] = "Today is November 8th.";
thisday[119] = "Today is November 9th.";
thisday[1110] = "Today is November 10th.";
thisday[1111] = "Today is November 11th.";
thisday[1112] = "Today is November 12th.";
thisday[1113] = "Today is November 13th.";
thisday[1114] = "Today is November 14th.";
thisday[1115] = "Today is November 15th.";
thisday[1116] = "Today is November 16th.";
thisday[1117] = "Today is November 17th.";
thisday[1118] = "Today is November 18th.";
thisday[1119] = "Today is November 19th.";
thisday[1120] = "Today is November 20th.";
thisday[1121] = "Today is November 21st.";
thisday[1122] = "Today is November 22nd.";
thisday[1123] = "Today is November 23rd.";
thisday[1124] = "Today is November 24th.";
thisday[1125] = "Today is November 25th.";
thisday[1126] = "Today is November 26th.";
thisday[1127] = "Today is November 27th.";
thisday[1128] = "<U>Death of Enrico Fermi 1954</U><br>Italian-born American physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1938 as one of the chief architects of the nuclear age. He was the last of the double-threat physicists: a genius at creating both esoteric theories and elegant experiments. In 1933, he developed the theory of beta decay, postulating that the newly-discovered neutron decaying to a proton emits an electron and a particle he called a neutrino.";
thisday[1129] = "<u>First Animal Astronaut</u><br>In 1961, the first U.S. satellite carrying an animal was launched by Mercury-Atlas 5 from Cape Canaveral. The passenger was Enos, a five-year-old chimpanzee, on a 2-orbit ride for 3-hr 20 min. The test was the prelude to John Glenn's orbital space flight. Enos experienced up to 7.6-G accelerative force during the launch.";
thisday[1130] = "<u>First A.C. power plant</u><br>In 1886, the first commercially successful U.S. alternating current power plant was opened at Buffalo, N.Y. by George Westinghouse. Compared to Edison's direct currect ventures, AC transmission distance could be increased by miles using transformers at the source for transmission at much higher voltage, which also decreased energy losses.";

thisday[121] = "<u>Planets align</U><br> In 1997, eight planets from our Solar System lined up from West to East beginning with Pluto, followed by Mercury, Mars, Venus, Neptune, Uranus, Jupiter, and Saturn, with a crescent moon alongside, in a rare alignment visible from Earth that lasted until Dec 8. Mercury, Mars, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn are visible to the naked eye, with Venus and Jupiter by far the brightest. A good pair of binoculars is needed to see the small blue dots that are Uranus and Neptune. Pluto is visible only by telescope. The planets also aligned in May 2000, but too close to the sun to be visible from Earth. It will be at least another 100 years before so many planets will be so close and so visible.";
thisday[122] = "<u>Atomic chain reaction</u><br> In 1942, the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction was demonstrated in Chicago, Illinois. At the University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi and his team achieved the world's first artificial nuclear chain reaction,  in a makeshift lab underneath the University's football stands at Stagg Field. Work on the experimental pile had begun on 16 Nov 1942. It was a prodigious effort. Physicists and staffers, working around the clock, built a lattice of 57 layers of uranium metal and uranium oxide embedded in graphite blocks. A wooden structure supported the graphite pile. The chain reaction was part of the Manhattan Project, a secret wartime project to develop nuclear weapons, which initiated the modern nuclear age. This was a discovery that changed the world.";
thisday[123] = "<u>Neon lights</U><br>In 1910, neon lighting, developed by French physicist Georges Claude, made its public debut at the Paris Motor Show. The coloured light is produced by passing electrical current through inert gases in a vacuum tube.  This effect was produced following decades of experiments to create a practical alternative to incandescent lighting. Neon signage came to America when Earle C. Anthony bought two signs for $2400 in Paris and installed them in his Los Angeles Packard dealership. Neon gas glows a fiery orange-red, argon is soft lavender, argon gas enhanced with mercury is brilliant blue. More than 150 colors can be achieved by combining different gasses, including krypton, xenon and helium, and phosphors that coat the inside of the glass tube.";
thisday[124] = "<u>Jupiter</u><br>In 1973, Pioneer 10 reached Jupiter.";
thisday[125] = "<u>Birth of Werner Heisenberg</u><br>Werner Karl Heisenberg was the German physicist and philosopher who discovered a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices. For that discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. In 1927 he published his indeterminacy, or uncertainty, principle, upon which he built his philosophy and for which he is best known. He also made important contributions to the theories of the hydrodynamics of turbulence, the atomic nucleus, ferromagnetism, cosmic rays, and elementary particles, and he planned the first post-World War II German nuclear reactor, at Karlsruhe, then in West Germany.";
thisday[126] = "<U>Chicago Lake Tunnel</u><br>In 1866, the first water supply tunnel for a U.S. city was completed for Chicago, Illinois. The Chicago Lake Tunnel extended 10,587 feet under Lake Michigan to an inlet crib. It was 5 feet in diameter. The city engineer was Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough at the time of construction. Work started on 17 Mar 1864 at a final cost of $380,784. Water was not allowed into the tunnel until 25 Mar 1867. The pumping station with the standpipe tower still stands at the intersection of Michigan Blvd and Chicago Ave., having escaped destruction in the 1871 Chicago fire.";
thisday[127] = "<u>Jet stream</u><br>In 1934, Wiley Post is credited with discovering the jet stream when he flew into the stratosphere over Bartlesville, Oklahoma. With the financial backing of Oklahoma oil pioneer Frank Phillips, Post planned flights to test the thin air in the stratosphere above 50,000 feet. The Winnie Mae, made of plywood, could not be pressurized so Post developed the pressurized flying suit, forerunner of the modern space suit. Made by B.F. Goodrich, it was of double ply rubberized parachute fabric, with pigskin gloves, rubber boots, and aluminium helmet, pressurized to 0.5 bar. In Mar 1935, Post flew from Burbank California to Cleveland Ohio in the stratosphere using the jet stream. At times, his ground speed exceeded 550 kph in a 290 kph aircraft.";
thisday[128] = "<U>Element 111</u><br>In 1994, approximately one month after announcing the creation of element 110, a team of German scientists led by Peter Armbruster at the Gesellschaft für schwerionenforschung facility at Darmstadt, Germany, claimed to have created element 111. Its atom has 111 protons and 161 neutrons in its nucleus, giving it a mass number of 272. As a new element it was named unununium, symbol Uuu, according to an internationally adopted system for naming new elements. Only three atoms of the element were made by accelerating nickel atoms to high speed and bombarding them into bismuth. When an atom of each fused to make the new nucleus, it lasted for about four-thousandths of a second before decaying into smaller nuclei.";
thisday[129] = "<U>Computer mouse</U><br>In 1968, the first demonstration of the use of a computer mouse was given at the American Federation of Information Processing Societies' Fall Joint Computer Conference at Stanford University, California. The mouse's inventor, Doug Engelbart and a small team of researchers from the Stanford Research Institute stunned the computing world with an extraordinary demonstration at a San Francisco computer conference. They debuted the computer mouse, graphical user interface, display editing and integrated text and graphics, hyper-documents, and two-way video-conferencing with shared workspaces. These concepts and technologies were to become the cornerstones of modern interactive computing.";
thisday[1210] = "<u>Metric system</u><br>In 1799, a second legal definition of the metre was made by the French National Assembly to be 3 feet and 11.296 lines of the toise of Paris, shorter of 0.144 line than the 1795 measure, and without the meridian form of definition. The metric system was made compulsory by law in France.";
thisday[1211] = "<u>Global warming</u><br>In 1997, more than 150 countries agreed at a global warming conference in Kyoto, Japan to control the Earth's greenhouse gases. After nearly two weeks of negotiations, delegates to the conference in Kyoto, Japan announced they had reached a deal to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases produced world wide.";
thisday[1212] = "<u>Birth of William Henry</u><br>English physician and chemist who in 1803 proposed what is now called Henry's law, which states that the mass of a gas dissolved by a given volume of a solvent, at a constant temperature, is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid, provided that no chemical action occurs. The law holds well only for slightly soluble gases at low pressure. Henry was a close friend of Dalton, but despite superior skill and range as an experimenter, lacked Dalton's boldness as a theorist, and Henry never committed himself to the atomic theory. Henry was the third and most successful son of Thomas Henry, an industrial chemist.";
thisday[1213] = "<u>Aluminium</u><br>In 1856, Charles Dickens, writing in Household Words, commented on Henri Sainte-Claire Deville's success in developing the first practical industrial process for producing aluminium, predicted: 'Aluminium may probably send tin to the right about face, drive copper saucepans into penal servitude, and blow up German-silver sky-high into nothing.' Aluminium is the third most abundant element, comprising some 8 percent of the earth's crust. Yet it was only as recently as during Dicken's lifetime - just a century ago - that a viable production process was established";
thisday[1214] = "<u>Quantum Physics</u><br>In 1900, German physicist Max Planck made public his ideas on quantum physics at a meeting of the German Physics Society, revolutionizing scientists' understanding of physics. Planck demonstrated that in certain situations energy exhibits characteristics of physical matter, something unthinkable at the time. He suggested the explanation energy exists in discrete packets, which he called quanta.";
thisday[1215] = "<u>School Vaccinations</u><br>In 1827, it was required in Boston, Massachussetts, that no child would be admitted at school unless vaccinated";
thisday[1216] = "<u>Synthetic diamond</u><br>In 1954, synthetic diamonds were produced at General Electric Research Laboratories by Prof. H. Tracy Hall. ";
thisday[1217] = "Today is December 17th.";
thisday[1218] = "Today is December 18th.";
thisday[1219] = "Today is December 19th.";
thisday[1220] = "Today is December 20th.";
thisday[1221] = "Today is December 21st.";
thisday[1222] = "Today is December 22nd.";
thisday[1223] = "Today is December 23rd.";
thisday[1224] = "Today is December 24th.";
thisday[1225] = "Today is December 25th.";
thisday[1226] = "Today is December 26th.";
thisday[1227] = "Today is December 27th.";
thisday[1228] = "Today is December 28th.";
thisday[1229] = "Today is December 29th.";
thisday[1230] = "Today is December 30th.";
thisday[1231] = "Today is December 31st.";


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